Seeking the American Dream: Immigrants’ Belief in Meritocracy across Generations
Working Paper
Elizabeth Suhay, Wali Reheman, and Mark Tenenbaum
2023
Presented at APSA 2023 Annual Conference
Are new immigrants especially likely to have faith in the American Dream—the idea that hard work leads to success? What buoys or erodes this faith across immigrant generations? No prior published research has sought to answer these questions with U.S. representative survey data of immigrant Americans. Drawing on two such surveys, we investigate immigrants’ beliefs regarding economic opportunity and how these beliefs differ within and across immigrant generations. We find that first-generation immigrants are unusual in their commitment to the image of the U.S. as the land of opportunity. In generations that follow, views become more pessimistic. Contrary to conventional wisdom, perspectives on the American Dream in the second generation and thereafter are not correlated with economic success. Rather, younger immigrant generations’ perceptions of economic opportunity are linked to partisanship and, among Black Americans only, racial identity.